Femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAI)

Femoroacetabular Impingement (FAI) is a condition that occurs when there is abnormal contact between the femoral head (ball) and the acetabulum (socket) of the hip joint. This impingement can lead to damage of the cartilage or labrum (the ring of cartilage around the acetabulum) and cause pain, stiffness, and a reduced range of motion in the hip. FAI is often associated with activities that involve repetitive hip motion, such as running, cycling, or sports requiring twisting movements. There are three types of FAI: cam impingement, pincer impingement, and mixed impingement, each characterised by different bony abnormalities in the hip joint.

The primary symptoms of FAI include hip pain (usually in the groin area), stiffness, and difficulty with activities that involve hip movement, such as sitting, bending, or squatting. Over time, if left untreated, FAI can lead to joint degeneration and may even require surgical intervention.

As a physiotherapist, I play a vital role in managing and treating FAI through non-invasive techniques. Here’s how physiotherapy can help:

·       Pain management: Techniques such as ice therapy, soft tissue mobilisations, and therapeutic ultrasound can help reduce pain and inflammation in the hip joint.

·       Improving hip mobility: Gentle joint mobilisations and stretches are used to improve the flexibility of the hip joint and surrounding muscles, allowing for better range of motion and function.

·       Strengthening exercises: Targeted exercises to strengthen the hip stabilisers, including the glutes, quadriceps, and hip abductors, help provide better joint support, improving overall hip function and reducing the stress on the labrum.

·       Movement correction: Physiotherapists assess your posture and walking patterns, correcting any abnormal biomechanics that may be contributing to the impingement, such as excessive hip rotation or poor alignment.

·       Activity modification and education: Advice on activity modifications and ergonomics, such as avoiding excessive hip flexion or certain repetitive movements, can help manage symptoms and prevent further irritation.

·       Functional exercises: Gradual strengthening and functional exercises are introduced to restore strength, stability, and endurance in the hip joint, allowing you to return to your regular activities without pain.

With the right physiotherapy intervention, many individuals with FAI can manage symptoms effectively, avoid surgery, and improve their quality of life through a tailored rehabilitation program.